The most common complications of untreated lower limb varicose veins are thrombophlebitis, chronic ulceration, inflammation and discolouration of the skin, as well as bleeding from varicose veins - an immediate life-threatening condition. These can be accompanied by severe pain and swelling. With ulceration, tissue necrosis occurs, not only in the skin, but also in the deeper layers. At an advanced stage of the disease, there may also be features of generalised inflammation.
The most dangerous complication of untreated varicose veins is pulmonary embolism. It fortunately occurs in a small percentage, especially in patients with massive deep vein thrombosis. It manifests as very severe chest pain, breathlessness sometimes accompanied by haemoptysis, cold sweats and anxiety may occur. Pulmonary embolism can lead to death.
